Joseph Gallowaya prominent Loyalist during the American Revolution was born in West
River, Maryland in1729 and died August 29, 1803 in Watford Herts,
England.
After
a course of preliminary study, during which he seemed to have acquired a
taste for religious speculating, which remained withhim through life,
he studied law and began to practice in Philadelphia where he acquired
distinction in his profession.He wan an intimate friend of Benjamin Franklin, and when the
latter went to England, in 1764, he placed in Galloway's hands his
valuable letter-books and other papers for safe keeping.
He
was chosen to the assembly of Pennsylvania in 1757, and almost
continuously thereafter until the Revolution.He was its speaker from 1766 until 1774, being elected by
unanimous vote.In 1769 Princeton gave him the degree of LL.D.In his capacity of member of the state legislature, he made a
speech in opposition to John Dickinson and in favor of changing the
government from the proprietary to the royal form.In the early part of the colonial struggle he exhibited sympathy
for the crown, andgrew to be an active Tory.Through his influence as speaker of the assembly he had himself
chosen, with his friend, Chief Justice Allen, to the Provincial
congress, with the purpose of influencing that body in favor of the
king.
As
a member of the congress in 1774, he proposed a scheme of government to
consist of a president-general, to be appointed by the king, and to hold
office during his pleasure, and a grand council, to be chosen once in
three years by the assemblies of the various colonies.In December of the same year he was chosen to the congressto
meet the next May, and soon thereafter published "A Candid Examination
of the Mutual Claims of Great Britain and the Colonies:with a Plan of Accommodation on Constitutional Principles."After serving in the Congress of 1775, he retired to his
country-seat, where Dr. Franklin visited him, and unavailingly sought to win his support for Colonial rule.
Galloway
was a prominent Loyalist.He was speaker of the Pennsylvania Assembly from 1766 to 1775.As a delegate to the First Continental Congress, he tried to
avert the imminent break with Great Britain. He proposed a scheme for
self-government to the colonies while maintaining allegiance to the
mother country, suggesting that all legislation affecting the colonies
be approved both by parliament and by a council representing the
American states.The plan was rejected and when war came Galloway sided with the
British.He went to England in 1778.
Manuscript
Document Signed "Joseph Galloway.""Message to the Governor from the Assembly" by Galloway as
Speaker of the Pennsylvania Assembly, relaying the pleasure of the
Assembly to John Penn concerning a recent treaty with the Indians
establishing a boundary line.The
Assembly further pledges to do everything in its power to keep relations
with the Indians at a peaceful and prosperous level.This document is an important statement of Pennsylvania's
intent to keep peaceful relations with the Indians.
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through its preservation today at the National Archives.
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